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Herzogenbusch concentration camp ((オランダ語:Kamp Vught), ,〔''Vught'' in isolation: (:ˈvʏxt).〕 (ドイツ語:Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch) (:kɔntsɛntʁaˈtsi̯oːnsˌlaːɡɐ hɛʁtsoːɡənˈbʊʃ)) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. After the war the camp was used as a prison for Germans and Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center with exhibitions and a national monument remembering the camp and its victims. The camp is now a museum. ==History== During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands (1940–1945). The Nazis transported Jewish and other prisoners from the Netherlands via the transit camps Amersfoort and Westerbork to concentration camps such as Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. When Amersfoort and Westerbork appeared to be too small to handle the large amount of prisoners, the Schutzstaffel (SS) decided to build a concentration camp in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch.〔 (Nmkampvught.nl )〕 The building of the camp at Herzogenbusch, the German name for 's-Hertogenbosch, started in 1942.〔 (Nmkampvught.nl )〕 The camp was modelled on concentration camps in Germany.〔 The first prisoners, who arrived in 1943, had to finish the construction of the camp;〔 it was used from January 1943 until September 1944. During this period, it held nearly 31,000 prisoners: Jews, political prisoners, resistance fighters, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, homeless people, black market traders, criminals, and hostages.〔 Due to hunger, sickness, and abuse, at least 749 men, women and children died there. Of these, 329 were murdered at the execution site just outside the camp.〔 When allied forces were approaching Herzogenbusch, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were transferred to concentration camps further east, with women inmates being transferred to Ravensbrück Concentration Camp, and the men to Sachsenhausen concentration camp by 4 -5 September 1944.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Vught.html )〕 On 26 October 1944, the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division, the 96th Battery of the 5th Anti-tank Regiment, Royal Canadian Army liberated the camp after fighting a rear guard of SS guards left to defend the nearly evacuated camp. There were around 500-600 live prisoners left who had been set up for execution that afternoon, whose lives were spared by the arrival of the liberating Canadian forces. About 500 inmates were discovered dead in piles near the gates, who had been executed the morning that the camp was liberated.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ww2today.com/23-november-1944-british-soldiers-discover-horrors-of-vught-concentration-camp )〕 In the first years after the war, the camp was used for the detention of Germans, Dutch SS men, alleged collaborators and their children, and war criminals.〔 (Nmkampvught.nl )〕 At first, they were guarded by allied soldiers, but shortly after by the Dutch. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herzogenbusch concentration camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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